Everything considered, I’d recommend straw for most gardeners rather than hay as mulch to use in your garden. Here’s why.
Hay – What is It?
As far as the farmer is concerned, the main use of hay is to feed animals in seasons when grasses are not growing. He will want it to have the highest nutritional value for the animal. Because of this he will harvest (cut) the various grasses, legumes and other herbaceous (non-woody green plant) plants that make up hay after they form seed heads.
Most Frequent Effect of Using Hay for Mulch
Herbaceous plants are called weeds when they get into your garden. :) And that is usually the effect (result) of using hay as mulch.
I inadvertently asked for hay instead of straw one year and that slip of the tongue turned into a nightmare. I had weeds everywhere!! It took what seemed forever to get rid of them.
Hay can be an Excellent Mulch if
If you have enough property to grow your own hay for mulch, you can harvest before the seed heads develop. If you can do this — you’ll be good to go using hay to mulch your garden. This is the way I would choose if I had enough property and the means to harvest the hay. An EXCELLENT source of mulch and organic material.
Examples of What Others who use Hay Have Done
_I’ve read of gardeners who let the hay bales sit for a year allowing the seeds to sprout. Then they use it to mulch their garden. I would think there would still be many seeds that would lie dormant until the following year. Considering how long most weed seeds are viable, it still might be chancy even after letting it sit a year. Unless of course, you have time pull up the resulting weed growth.
_Other gardeners open the bales of hay and let their chickens have at the seed, then use the hay for mulch after that.
_Years ago I remember reading of Ruth Stout using hay — probably because it may have been cheaper than straw. If weeds sprouted she just piled on more hay to smother them. In theory that sounds like a great plan. It certainly worked for her. But the weeds from hay seem to get the better of me — so I don’t use it. (In case you don’t know, Ruth Stout was probably the first gardener to publicize what she had discovered about gardening being so easy.)
(Note added March 2013 – After I wrote this post I found out that it was salt marsh hay that Ruth Stout used. Salt Marsh Hay is made from the grasses that grow in coastal marshes, and it contains no weed seeds.)
Straw – What is It?
When farmers grow grain like wheat, oat, and barley the grain is harvested first. Then they bale the stems (stalks) that remain which are called straw. That’s the byproduct of the grain harvest and farmers use it for animal bedding.
Why it Makes a Good Mulch
It makes a good mulch because it doesn’t contain all the weed seeds that hay might have.
Seeds that Do Get in are Easier to Deal With
When straw is baled sometimes some of the grain gets into the bales. (And possibly a few weed seeds now and then.) So if you see what looks like green grass coming up at various places where you have your straw (mulch), it’s the newly sprouted seeds of grain. They’ll be easy to pull out and not a big problem if you do it in right away. And that will be the end of them. It will be much easier to deal with than weeds from hay.
Final Words
As with everything, there can always be the exceptions to the rule. But – all things considered – I’ll go with straw to mulch my garden.
P.S.
I’m adding this note after receiving an important comment by Beppy. You need to be aware of residual herbicides, so please read her comment to this (below) and my post on residual herbicides so you’ll be prepared.
At the beginning of the season I have at least 4 rolls of straw, but I always try to keep at least 1 roll on hand.
Related Posts:
10 Reasons to Mulch
Mulching Your Fruits, Vegetables, and Perennials
3 Things to Keep in Mind When You Mulch
Compost – Mulch – Residual Herbicides – What you Can Do About Them in Your Garden
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Organic gardening is easy, efficient, effective and —- it a lot healthier!
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Also, the farmer may have sprayed the hay field with herbicides to get rid of the weeds. If so this could be death to your garden plants because it is still in the hay and will either kill them or affect their growth. It happened to me.
I appreciate your adding this point Beppy. I even added a PS to the post so folks will be sure to read your comment. So many gardeners pay no attention to this possibility and I think that’s a mistake —– because as you say —- it does happen!
For those interested in reading more
https://tendingmygarden.com/compost-mulch-residual-herbicides-what-you-can-do-about-them-in-your-garden/Thanks so much for the great input!
Theresa
What about the grains now grown
with GMO seed. Would the straw be contaminated?
Thank you so much for your newsletters they have been such an encouragement considering I always believed I had two brown thumbs.
Sincerely,
Ann (from Kansas)
Ann, your question is such an EXCELLENT one and one I wish I really knew the right answer to it.
The last time I got straw from my farmer I asked him if he was growing GMO wheat. He said no. I told him I did not want straw from GMO wheat if he did grow it. He said he would give me barley straw if he decided to grow GMO wheat.
I know he grows GMO corn from time to time and I can’t help but wonder if some of that doesn’t end up in my garden. I hate the thoughts.
The thing is — a lot of research has been done — and we do know that GMO products ingested are harmful to animals and humans. We know that ingesting animals that eat GMO is harmful.
We really are not sure about residue from crops that decay in the soil. However, I would like to err on the side of caution. I want to stay as far away from them as I can —- because if damage is done because of them — we probably can’t undo it.
That’s another thing that is so awful about what Monsanto and the others are doing with all the GMO stuff. With nature — when something goes wrong — it can be fixed. With GMOs — that are taking the very DNA of one species and crossing it with another —– they are upsetting the very balance that was built into things. This might be beyond us to deal with.
I will write more in future posts about how I am looking ahead and planning other things I can do for mulch rather than buy straw from my farmer if GMO stuff becomes the only thing available. I’m not able to grow ALL of the mulch I need, but I am going to start growing some. One small step.
I will continually look ahead and plan and continue to take one small step in the direction I want to go —– My goal being to stay as far away from GMO stuff as possible and become more self sustaining than I am now.
Look to as many other sources for mulch as you can. Pine tags, wood chips, straw from other grains, etc.
If you love gardening — I can almost guarantee you do NOT have brown thumbs! That thought — rest assured — is the result of the marketing you are bombarded with all the time. Don’t give in to it. Look to nature —- and if she is not being cooperative the day you need her — write to me with your question and I’ll try my best to help.
Thanks for the great question Ann and for letting me know that what I write has been encouraging to you.
Theresa
Hello,
I just stumbled upon your excellent web site while researching Tomato blight. Since I am a bit afraid of using hay or mulch since I do not know the source could I use leaves, in my case this being mostly white oak leaves with some red oak and hickory mixed in. I have heard both good and bad things about this. Some say they would be too acidic and too many tannins while others say they work just fine. Your thoughts?
Forgot to say I am also a Virginia gardener! I live in Stafford near Fredericksburg.
Don, leaves are excellent! You can’t get anything much better than leaves for the garden.
Why that bit about leaves or pine needles making soil acid is still going around is beyond me. Anyway, don’t believe it. Use your leaves. They’re like gold for your garden.
You might want to read this post https://tendingmygarden.com/collect-gold-for-your-garden/
Theresa
Several years ago, there was a problem with residual herbicides in cow compost for gardening. Seems the digestion did not “weed” out the herbicides and it was killing vegetables. Google “killer compost”. Hopefully the problem has been fixed. I’m still cautious when using commercial compost. Also about GMO products. When you think about it, just about everything we consume is GMO including seeds we buy. Gmo isn’t necessarily a bad thing when you consider higher yield, disease and insect resistance, better all around crops, veggies etc. When I grew up in the 50’s in Hawaii, there was much research done by Dole to produce a better sugar cane and pineapple. Think about it, Luther Burbank and G.W. Carver pioneered GMO b4 it was GMO.
Residual herbicides surfaced about 1999 -2000. I’ve written about them numerous times and have given lots of details in various posts. And no, the problem has NOT been fixed. When buying commercial compost you have a 50- 50 chance that it contains residual herbicides. Here’s 4 posts:
https://tendingmygarden.com/residual-herbicides-in-composts-part-i/
https://tendingmygarden.com/residual-herbicides-in-compost-part-2-on-grow-mix-potting-mix-compost-manure-mulch/
https://tendingmygarden.com/compost-mulch-residual-herbicides-what-you-can-do-about-them-in-your-garden/
https://tendingmygarden.com/compost-hay-residual-herbicides-extension-office-advice-a-readers-experience/
And yes, there is much that the public consumes that contains genetically modified ingredients. We have to be very current on information to try to stay away from them, but it can be done.
The seed that gardeners have access to is NOT GMO seed. GMO seed is sold to commercial growers (farmers) and they have to sign papers to even buy the seed.
There is a big difference in hybrids (a cross of two varieties of the same species) and GMO, where
one species is crossed with another — for example a fish with a tomatoe.
Burbank and Carver did not pioneer GMOs.
GMOs do not produce higher yields and are not disease and insect resistance. That belief is a result of heavy marketing by companies like Monsanto. The facts are out there, you just have to look for them.
Hi Theresa,
This was the second year that I bought and used straw from Lowe’s but this time, to my dismay, I have green grass growing all over my vegetable garden plots. My husband says they reappear almost as fast as he picks them. We’ve had a LOT of rain this year already. I was thinking about sowing buckwheat but with all this grass (not gone to seed yet but I’m worried whether I can keep up with it’s removal), now I’m not sure what to do. Is there any way to kill the grass by covering it or do I need to keep pulling it up? Then, do I throw it on the ground or into a trash can?
Also, the various field peas that we inherited when we moved here will probably be coming up soon. I will try to cut them many of them down and let some grow. In the meantime, should I consider using pine straw this summer rather than straw from Lowe’s?
Thanks. I’m so glad you’re feeling better and dancing! And I appreciate all that you do to share your knowledge and expertise with us!
Susan
Susan I answered you in a post https://tendingmygarden.com/ever-had-what-looks-like-grass-sprouting-in-the-garden-from-straw-mulch/. I’ve been asked these questions a lot, so the topic is long overdue for a post. Thanks for asking.
Theresa
Here in 2019, it’s my understanding that farmers will spray their wheat (and other non-gmo) crops with round-up (glyphosate) just to get a good/strong harvest. It seems even if a product is labeled non-gmo, it could still be contaminated with glyphosate. Sprayed just before it’s consumed by livestock and humans. This is the reason I’m big on natural gardening.
You are correct Bill. Thank you for posting. Any wheat product that is not organic is most likely to have glyphosate residue in it since this practice is widespread.
Farmers use the glyphosate to dry out the grain and to get a bigger yield.
Another reason to eat organic.
Theresa